Oil burner



J. EGAN OIL BURNER Sept. 6, 1927.

Filed May 1, 1926 qwwmv fiw Q um m 1% Patented Sept. 6, 19 27.

UNITED STATES JAMES EGAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

OIL BURNER.

Application filed m 1, 1926. Serial No. 10am.

and then augment the supply of air after the initial mixture thereof with free air in the required proportion to bring about not only a proper combustion mixture but an arrangement whereby the various parts of the discharge nozzle are automatically cleaned to prevent accumulation of carbon and other obstructing substances in the end of the burner.

It is an object of this invention to provide an oil burner, the discharge nozzle of which is provided with a free air jacket to facilitate the proper mixing of additional air to a fuel mixture produced by carbureting air under pressure with oil.

It is also an object of this invention to provide an oil burner having an oil discharge valve mechanism mounted within an ad ustable air or steam supply nozzle adapted to carburet the air with the oil to form a fuel mixture which after being produced is.

adapted to be supplied with an additional quantity of free air aiding combustion and received from an air jacket surrounding the nozzle and having the discharge end thereof I arranged so that the various surfaces of the It is an important object of this invention to provide an improved oil burner of a type wherein 'the ignition or nozzle end of the device is provided with an air cooling jacket adapted not only to supply an addltional quantity of free air to a fuel mixture, but also serving as a means of keeping the nozzle parts cool, thereby obviating the accumulation of carbon.

Other and further important objects of .45 this invention will be apparent from the disclosuresin the specification and the accompanying drawings.

This invention (gin a preferred form) is illustrated in the rawings and hereinafter more fully described.

On the drawings: Figure 1 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal section of an oil burner embodying the principles of this invention and showin I? parts 1n elevation.

Figure 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on line II.II of Figure 1. a

Figure 3 is a transverse section taken on line III-III of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is an end view of the ignition end of the oil burner.

Flgure 5 is a fragmentary detail view of the oil discharge nozzle, including the air distributing vanes.

As shown on the drawings:

The reference numeral 1 indicates an oil pressure supply pipe adapted to be connected with any suitable source of fuel oil under pressure. Connected to the outlet end of the supply pipe 1 by means of a-coupling 2 is the threaded end of an arm 3 which is integrally formed u on one side of a threeway lobe union 4 aving an oil receiving cham er 5 therein. Threaded into an arm 6 of the union 4 is one threaded end of a sleeve 7 having a stop flange 8 thereon adapted to seat against the end of the arm 6. The sleeve 7 is internally threaded to receive a threaded shank 9 which is formed on a shank portion 10 which projects axially through the sleeve 7. A nut 11 orvother suitable means -is formed on one end of the shank 10 to permit ad'ustment of said shank within the sleeve 7. lhe shank 10 also projects through a packing 12 seatedwithin a pipe cap 13, one end of which isthreaded onto one end of the sleeve 7. Access to the 'nut 11 on the end of the shank 10 is adapted to be had through the open end of the pipe cap 13 as clearly illustrated in Figure 1. Formed on the inner end of the shank 10 is a stop 14 Which is adapted to coact with a seat 15 in the inner end of the sleeve 7. Formed on or secured in the inner end of the shank 10 is a long valve stem 16, the end ofwhich is pointed to afford aneedle valve 17. Projecting through suitablediametric openings near tie end of the valve stem 16 are a pair of pins 18 which are disposed at right angles to one another. These pins serve as g-uldes for the valve stem 16 and have the ends thereof positioned to slide along the inner face of an oil supply tube or pipe 19, one end of which is threaded into the third arm 20 of the union 4.

Threaded onto the other end of the oil pipe 19 is one end of an inner oil nozzle 21 having an oil discharge aperture 22 in the end thereof. The apertured end of the oil .nozzle 21 is provided with a conical chainber 23 which connects the interior of the pipe 19 with the, 011 discharge aperture. -=Th e chamber 237-all'ords 'a valve seat for theneedle valve 17. The apertured end of the oil nozzle 21 '1 is bevelled at 24 with the bevelled surface 24 beingsubstan tially parallel to the surface of the valve seat 23. Formed on the exterior of theoil nozzle 2l are a plurality ofspiral vanes25, the outer edges of which lit within the externally threaded outer end of an air pressure supply pipe 26 which surrounds the oil pipe 19 and is spaced therefrom. end of the air pipe 26 is also externally threaded and is adjustably engaged in an air supply elbow 27, one arm of: which is threaded on to the arm 20 of the union 4. The other arm 23 of the elbow 27 is adapted to be connected with any suitable source of air or steam under pressure. A locking nuts with a mixing chamber 31 having a bevelled inner wall 37 which is substantially parallel to the bevelled surface 24 of the oil nozzle 21. The oil dischar e aperture 22 positioned a short distance away from the open end of the air nozzle 30 to afiord a suitable mixing chamber for the oil and air.

Surrounding the air sleeve 26 is an outer housing or air jacket 32, the inner end of which is provided with a collar or ring member 33 having a plurality of air inlet openings 34 therein arranged in a circle as clearly shown in Figure 2. The apertured ring member 33 fits tightly around the air pipe 26 andafl'ords a means whereby free air is adapted to be drawn through the apertures 34 into the jacket 32 to surround the air pipe 26 and the air nozzle 30. The outer end of the air jacket 32 is provided with a ring member 35 having a bevelled surface 36 which is substantially parallel to the bevelled surfaces 24 and 37 of the oil and air nozzles. The ring member 35' is also provided with a bevelled surface 38 at the'outer end thereof. The bevelled sur-' 7 is adapted to be used in oil burning devices associated with furnaces and heating plants of various kinds. The three-way union 4 as illustrated in Figure 1 is adapted to be connected with a fuel supply pipe 1 through which oil under pressure. isdelivered into The other thech'amber 5 and is then forced outwardly through the oil pipe 19'." The needle valve .17 controlling the discharge of the' eil from the nozzle I21is adapted to be adjusted by;

means of the nut end 11 of the shank 10.

end of thecap 13 sot-hat the needle valve I 17 may be moved toward or away from the "oil discharge apertureQ22 in the end of the oil nozzle 21. The valve stemlG is adapted to be guided by means of the guide pins18, p

chamber 31 provided in the air nozzle 30. I

With the ejection of oil from the aperture 22, air under pressure from the air pipe inlet arm 28 passes into the airpipe 26 around the pipe 19 and travels through the spiral passages between the vanes 25 formed 1 on the exterior of the oil nozzle 21. The peculiar shape of the vanes 25 causes the air under pressure to circulate in the mixing chamber 31 around the oil nozzle 21, thereby assuming a whirling motion within the carbureting end of the air nozzle 30. This whirling action, of the air under pressure at a point where the oil leaves the aperture22 causes the whirling air to, be carbureted with the oil to form a fuel mixture which is ejected from the oil burner and assumes a ball-shaped contour adjacent the end of the oil burner.

As the above action takes place, a suction action is created around the ignition end of the burner, thereby tending to create a partial vacuum which acts to draw free air through the apertures 34 of the free air jacket 32. The free air is thus drawn. through the jacket 32 around the air pipe 26 and around the nozzle 30 and passes through the restricted space between the air nozzle 30 and the ring member 35 secured in the outer end of the air jacket 32. Additional air is thus fed to the fuel mixture in quantities depending upon the suction created by the volume of oil flowing from the aperture 22 and by the volume of the air passing through the air pipe 26.

The flow of free air through the jacket 32 does not only act to supply additional air to the fuel mixture, but also serves as a cooling medium to maintain the oil burner parts cool even when the oil burner has been in service a considerable length of time. The suction action created by the air and oil under pressure leaving the mixing chamber 31 serves asa means whereby the various.

inclined or bevelled surfaces of the needle valve 17, the oil nozzle 21 and the air nozzle 30 are automatically kept clean from .carbon accumulations and other dirt which ordiy 7 0 i Access to the nut 11 is had through theopen narily tend to clog the burner and outlet ing 26 is thus adapte openings.

It will thus be seen that the burner is adapt d to keep itself cool when in operation and also acts to automatically clean itself and especially the bevelled surfaces against which the oil and air are brought into contact when leaving the discharge or ignition end of the oil burner. The whirling action of the air under pressure caused by the passage of the air between the vanes 25 causes the discharged oil to-be completely "broken up and carbureted with the whirlcurrent of air to produce the'desired fuel mixture which is provided with an additional supply of air from the air jacket 32. The needle valve 17 is ada ted to be operated as hereinbefore describe by operating the nut 11 formed on the outer end of the shank '10." The bevelled stop member 14 is adapted to seat against the seat 15 when the needle valve is in its extreme open position.

Attention is directed to the fact that the air pipe 26 is adapted to be adjusted with respect to the air elbow 27 thereby permitting the air nozzle 30 to be adjusted with respect to the oil nozzle 21. The volume of air under pressure gassing through the pipe to be controlled with changes in the suppl of oil produced by adjustment of the nee le valve 17.

I am aware that many changes may be I made, and numerous'details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and I therefore do not purpose limiting the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim asvmy invention:

An oil burner comprising an oil nozzle, means for controlling the dischar e of oil therefrom, an air nozzle surroun ing said oil nozzle, vanes separating said oil nozzle from said air nozzle to cause the air issuing from said air nozzle to assume a whirling action to break up the oil leaving said oil nozzle and form a fuel mixture, and an apertured free air jacket surrounding said air nozzle adapted to supply an. additional uantity of air for mixm 'with said disc arged fuel mixture, sai air nozzle having bevelled parallel faces spaced from one another and adapted to be automaticall cleaned .due to the whirling action of t 'e air when leaving said air nozzle.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

' JAMES EGAN.

oil nozzle and 

